Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence

Editor’s Foreword Jon Woronoff vii

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ix

Chronology xiii

Introduction xxiii

THE DICTIONARY 1

Appendixes

A The Evolution of Soviet State Security, 1917–1991 305

B KGB Chairs, 1917–1991 307

C Russian Foreign Intelligence Organizations, 1920– 309

D Chiefs of Soviet and Russian Foreign Intelligence, 1920– 311

E Russian Security Services, 1991– 313

F Heads of Military Intelligence (GRU), 1918– 315

G Venona Code Names and Encryption 317

H Loss of Life in the Stalin Era 321

I Agents and Programs Betrayed by Aldrich Ames,

Robert Hanssen, and Edward Lee Howard 325

J Maskirovka: Deception on Nuclear Weapons Programs 327

Bibliography 329

About the Author 365